id stringlengths 8 21 | original_text stringlengths 29 8.57k | domain stringclasses 30
values | text_type stringclasses 2
values | ground_truth stringclasses 2
values | prompt_len int64 42 1.87k | reader_grpo_v7_2 stringlengths 406 763 | prediction_outcome stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
human_2420 | Product search is one of the most popular methods for customers to discover products online. Most existing studies on product search focus on developing effective retrieval models that rank items by their likelihood to be purchased. They, however, ignore the problem that there is a gap between how systems and customers... | sci | human | HUMAN | 272 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses domain-specific terminology and a coherent research-abstract structure (motivation, gap, method, experiments) typical of human academic writing. Second, it makes concrete, non-generic claims about modeling 'search and purchase' behavior and building a dynamic knowledge graph wi... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_1995 | Shares in popular fast-food chain Chipotle have plummeted by over 12, following the revelation by health authorities regarding the discovery of new cases of E. coli linked to the restaurant, which has already faced multiple health crises in the past. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported ... | xsum | ai | AI | 329 | {
"rationale": "First, the piece uses generic, evenly balanced news phrasing and lacks concrete timestamps or sourcing, suggesting algorithmic summarization rather than original reporting. Second, there are mechanical oddities — a missing '%' in 'plummeted by over 12,' repetitive transitions, and a clichéd closing li... | correct |
human_829 | It is a fact that has no reason to be proven. It just IS. For example, the most common "breute fact" is existence. "There is a universe. There is no need to explain it. It just IS." is an example of a brute fact. The idea is, instead of getting bogged down into the minutiae of "how" or "why" or "how do you prove" there... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 167 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows a conversational, opinionated tone with casual emphasis (e.g., 'It just IS') and personal phrasing ('was the major thinking prior to roughly 1500 or so'), which is typical of human forum posts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and colloquialisms ('there is a u... | correct |
deepseek-v3.2_3677 | The United States had historically dominated international basketball, winning every men's Olympic title until 1972, when its streak was broken by a defeat to the Soviet Union at the Munich Games. | Sports | ai | AI | 74 | {
"rationale": "First, the sentence is very polished and generic, offering a compact factual statement with no personal voice or nuance. Second, it uses smooth transitions and balanced clauses ('winning every men's Olympic title... broke ... at the Munich Games'), a pattern common in AI-generated text. Moreover, ther... | correct |
human_2903 | Historians have divided the history of Cubism into phases. In one scheme, the first phase of Cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, a phrase coined by Juan Gris a posteriori, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1910 and 1912 in France. A second phase, Synthetic Cubism, rem... | squad | human | HUMAN | 318 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage has a fluent, encyclopedia-like tone with specific names, dates, and a quoted clause that suggests human editorial sourcing rather than generic AI filler. Second, it presents nuanced, balanced phrasing ('a phrase coined by Juan Gris a posteriori') and a critical interpretive move ('... | correct |
human_4211 | But for one group of passengers - those who use wheelchairs - flying often turns into an upsetting and nerve-wracking experience, whatever the time of year. From problems getting on the plane, to difficulties checking in equipment, and even being unable to go to the toilet onboard, there is always something to worry ab... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 1,210 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows a distinctive journalistic voice with personal anecdotes, named sources, specific dates/quotes and a balanced argumentative flow typical of human reporting. Second, it contains small stylistic inconsistencies, emotional nuance, and contextual details (EasyJet, Dan Dorszynski, ... | correct |
glm-130b_609 | A company from Finland, Solar Foods, is planning to sell a protein powder that is made out of CO2, water, and electricity. The idea for Solein originally began at NASA, when scientists there discovered that an algae that grows on CO2 is a good source of protein. The algae can be farmed in any type of soil, but to keep ... | tldr | ai | AI | 628 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows excessive repetition and circular phrasing (e.g., 'carbon... water and electricity' repeated) and mechanical transitions common in AI outputs. Second, it contains factual inconsistencies and improbable details (cooking algae in soil, claiming 800,000 sq ft planned factory in H... | correct |
claude-haiku-4.5_3253 | I've taken numerous spin classes over the years, and Body Cycle stands out. The studio is immaculate with top-quality bikes, and the instructors are both welcoming and motivating. Every class delivers an exceptional workout. The intuitive online scheduling system makes it easy to book in advance—no need to arrive early... | ProductReview | ai | AI | 164 | {
"rationale": "First, the writing is highly polished and uses generic positive phrases (\"top-quality bikes\", \"intuitive online scheduling system\") rather than concrete personal details, which is common in AI-generated text. Second, there are repetitive adjectives and smooth transitions suggesting algorithmic smo... | correct |
llama-65b_262 | [substeps] Giving them space to experience their first experience of love means letting them be responsible for their emotions and choices. Some of first loves may end quickly, some may lead to broken hearts, and others may even lead to a lifelong partnership. Whatever the case, your child's first love is a valuable le... | hswag | ai | AI | 955 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows excessive repetition, mechanical phrasing, and many short, generic sentences (e.g., repeated 'Help your child...'), which is common in AI-generated text. Second, there are structural oddities—repeated '[substeps]' markers, tautologies ('help your child understand... by showing... | correct |
human_3957 | The strata of rocks rose above Luke's head. Red and copper, with silver glinting through the dust. His own breathing was the only thing he could hear, the burst of static from the radio dimming into the distance as he looked at the flag. A wire ran through it, keeping it upright. Due to the exposure, it had been bleach... | wp | human | HUMAN | 1,045 | {
"rationale": "First, the piece shows a distinct authorial voice with sensory detail, emotional nuance, and purposeful pacing that read like human creative writing. Second, there are small stylistic idiosyncrasies (uneven sentence lengths, occasional grammatical slips, forum-style signature) consistent with human po... | correct |
human_4731 | This is probably one of the worst Olive Garden I have been to. I am a frequent diner at Olive Garden, but had my first experience with this particular one last week. My server was horrific. Being a previous server myself, I can understand the pressures and stress on a busy night. However, this server was completely ina... | yelp | human | HUMAN | 142 | {
"rationale": "First, the review uses highly personal, experiential details (first visit, rushed server, specific timing of salads and food) and a conversational tone common in human reviews. Second, it shows small stylistic inconsistencies and emotional immediacy rather than polished, generic phrasing often seen in... | correct |
human_770 | Computers use binary, binary works in exponents of two. - 20 1 1 in binary - 21 2 10 in binary - 22 4 100 in binary - 23 8 1000 in binary - 24 16 10000 in binary So on and and so forth and you get 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, etc, etc.', "Because computer hardware uses binary to address things. Since it has... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 197 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows casual, conversational phrasing and typographical errors ('and and') plus inconsistent quoting and spacing that are more typical of human typing than polished AI output. Second, it contains specific personal references ('So on and and so forth...') and a loose, anecdotal expla... | correct |
human_4845 | 2014 YELP CHALLENGE - 852 Who doesn't love a little food coloring in their wasabi?! I'm not into getting gimmicky with my food. It's food. I just want to first take a picture of it and then eat it, alright? I was pleasantly surprised with this trendy, modern sushi bar...blue food coloring and all! Out of the three sush... | yelp | human | HUMAN | 178 | {
"rationale": "First, the review shows casual, conversational phrasing, personal anecdotes (mentioning three rolls) and colloquial expressions ('It's food') typical of human Yelp-style writing. Second, there are small inconsistencies and idiosyncrasies—odd ellipses, double period, uneven punctuation—that humans comm... | correct |
deepseek-v3.2_3007 | Happy Mother's Day, Mother. Thank you very much; the flowers are lovely. Your thoughtfulness is greatly appreciated. | PersonalCommunication | ai | AI | 59 | {
"rationale": "First, the exchange is unusually polished and evenly balanced with polite, generic responses lacking personal details. Second, there is a lack of disfluency or idiosyncratic phrasing common in human chats, suggesting algorithmic consistency. Moreover, the syntax is flawless and formulaic, which is cha... | correct |
human_868 | They are measuring the land (the actual dimension of plot, etc.) and the topography, or changes in elevation. They need to do this so they know exactly what work needs to be done, make sure they comply with set-back and other zoning considerations, know how much dirt needs to be cleared to level the site, and so on.','... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 1,868 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows multiple distinct voices, casual anecdotes (e.g., 'Served my first 5 years...'), and forum-style markers ('If you have any specific questions...'), suggesting aggregated human posts rather than a single AI-generated monologue. Second, there are numerous typos, inconsistent pun... | correct |
human_1992 | Lori was watching her aunt's house. She decided to borrow her new car. When she was parking she crashed. She ran right into the garage door. There were a lot of damages. | roct | human | HUMAN | 73 | {
"rationale": "First, the text uses very short, colloquial sentences and a casual narrative voice more typical of quick human writing than polished AI prose. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies (a sentence beginning with 'When' followed by a list) suggesting informal human composition rather than algor... | correct |
human_967 | Slaves liked to eat. Life was harsh and freedom was largely a luxury. Today were think of slavery as an evil, dehumanizing institution, but in ancient times, it served as a welfare program and a penal system for societies that could afford neither. If bandits stole all your crops, slavery is better than starving over t... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 182 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses a conversational, anecdotal tone with specific cultural references (ancient times, today) and a personal concluding question, which is common in human forum posts. Second, there are small stylistic slips ('Today were think...') and uneven sentence lengths suggesting casual huma... | correct |
human_108 | I know that there are already ones about this issues. However, many of them were made before reversals on the ideas that were hated. I feel that the specs are better than the PS4 and the privacy rules were gotten rid of. But, I do see how it can leave a bitter taste people's mouths after the reversals. I seriously can'... | cmv | human | HUMAN | 177 | {
"rationale": "First, the post shows casual forum behavior—typos, slang ('ect'), parentheses, and an explicit 'EDIT' note—which are typical of human online posts. Second, it contains personal voice, emotional stance, and specific cultural references (PS4, Xbox One) suggesting lived experience rather than generic AI ... | correct |
claude-haiku-4.5_3909 | A burgeoning field encompassing quasi-Lie schemes has undergone examination and subsequent utilization toward the exploration of manifold equations belonging to the Emden category, alongside the formulation of methodologies for their resolution and extension toward broader generalizations. In preliminary findings, temp... | TechnicalWriting | ai | AI | 150 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses highly polished, generic academic phrasing and abundant filler (e.g., 'in preliminary findings', 'culminating efforts') without providing concrete details or evidence, which is common in AI-generated text. Second, there is excessive synonym repetition ('examination and subseque... | correct |
claude-haiku-4.5_762 | def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
"""
This function accepts a string parameter consisting exclusively of "<" and ">" characters.
It returns a boolean value of True if and only if every single opening bracket symbol "<"
has been properly matched with a corresponding closing bracket symbol ">", and... | Code | ai | AI | 202 | {
"rationale": "First, the code is mechanically clean with type hints, a balanced docstring including doctest examples, and no personal stylistic markers, which is common in AI-generated outputs. Second, there is excessive uniformity (no comments, no extra edge-case handling beyond basic checks) and a perfectly logic... | correct |
opt-30b_800 | Dame Rosemary Butler said it was "critical" that people voted, with more powers coming to Wales. She said fewer than half of those eligible to vote did so in 2011. The Welsh Liberal Democrat leader will be joined by Plaid Cymru AM Rhun ap Iorwerth and the Green Party's John Griffiths at a rally near Cardiff Central sta... | xsum | ai | AI | 125 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows clear factual inconsistency (it claims fewer than half of those eligible voted in 2011), a common sign of AI hallucination. Second, there are stylistic oddities — vague time references ('near Cardiff Central station... two days before polling day for Thursday's election') and ... | correct |
human_3862 | Genie was a frail middle aged woman with with light brown hair that was just beginning to turn grey. She lived alone, and loved to take photos of the local flora. She was also fond of scrap-booking. She cherished her collection of photographs so much that she'd panic at the very thought that she may accidentally leave ... | wp | human | HUMAN | 929 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows a distinct human voice with idiosyncratic errors (e.g., 'with with') and uneven editing that often indicates human drafting rather than polished AI output. Second, it contains emotionally specific details, sensory nuance, and creative inconsistencies (fragmented clauses, repea... | correct |
deepseek-v3.2_569 | Financial technology firms encompass both emerging startups and established financial or technology enterprises that aim to either supplant or improve upon the financial services offered by incumbent institutions. | Business | ai | AI | 65 | {
"rationale": "First, the sentence is highly polished and generic, using balanced clauses and formal vocabulary common in AI-generated text. Second, it lacks concrete details, examples, or a distinct personal voice, suggesting algorithmic generalization rather than human nuance. Moreover, there is mild redundancy (e... | correct |
glm-130b_558 | This article tells the story of how a team generated a massive amount of data with their MVP and blew through their cloud budget for the year by May. Multiple people have recommended to me that we use a shared data store, which I've been meaning to do for some time. I've also been working with Cassandra as an example f... | tldr | ai | AI | 1,009 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows excessive repetition, mechanical transitions, and many filler phrases (e.g., 'I'm not going to go into all of the details') which are common in AI-generated text. Second, it contains clear factual errors and contradictions about Cassandra (misleading replication behavior, inco... | correct |
qwen-3-flash_2775 | Hey, just realized I actually went to bed at a reasonable time last night—wild, right? | OnlineContent | ai | AI | 55 | {
"rationale": "First, the message is extremely brief and uses generic, evenly balanced phrasing ('just realized... wild, right?'), which is common in AI outputs. Second, it lacks personal specifics or sensory detail and relies on neutral, polished transitions suggesting algorithmic generation rather than a lived con... | correct |
human_4077 | The Scottish champions fielded a makeshift side in the 4-0 reverse and Rodgers was delighted with the 21-year-old he signed from Manchester City. "For Ollie it's about fitness - you see how he moves in the game today," the Celtic manager said. "He has the qualities to play at the very highest level." Ntcham, a French i... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 707 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage reads like a journalistic sports report with specific names, match details, direct quotations and contextual nuance that align with human reporting. Second, it shows small stylistic inconsistencies and colloquial phrasings (e.g., 'should have went') suggesting human typing rather th... | correct |
claude-haiku-4.5_3086 | Dad, what's up with all the tape on the windows? | PersonalCommunication | ai | AI | 48 | {
"rationale": "First, the line is extremely brief and generic, lacking specific details or a distinct voice which is common in AI outputs. Second, its polished grammar and neutral tone suggest algorithmic generation rather than spontaneous human speech. Moreover, there is no contextual grounding or personalization, ... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_1695 | Steve Rogers had fought battles, both metaphorical and literal, for years. As the Captain America for the Avengers, he had given his all to save the world from evil. Finally, the Civil War is over, and Steve is ready to veer off into a new chapter of his life. He hangs up his shield and uniform, packs his stuff, and he... | wp | ai | AI | 406 | {
"rationale": "First, the prose is generic and evenly paced with safe, sentimental phrasing and few sensory specifics, which is common in AI-generated text. Second, there are repetitive transitions and stock examples (e.g., 'in this neighborhood' repeated) and mechanical sentence patterns suggesting algorithmic gene... | correct |
llama-65b_317 | My friend, Brian, was ill so I drove him to an emergency room. When we entered the emergency room there were only twelve people in it. A man who was wearing a white lab coat and a stethoscope came up to us and asked why we were there. Brian told him that he was having pains in his chest, stomach and legs. The man smile... | roct | ai | AI | 939 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits highly mechanical repetition and formulaic patterns (e.g., repeated 'About X minutes later...') suggesting algorithmic generation rather than natural human variation. Second, the dialogue is unnaturally uniform and lacks individual stylistic traits or purposeful narrative d... | correct |
glm-130b_669 | The lycan house and the Sanguine house has been at war for six months. Truth be told it was petty at first. Just a bunch of guys messing with another group of guys and then another group of guys, and so on. It was fun. They all thought it was funny, that they were funny, but the lycans thought it was an insult to their... | wp | ai | AI | 989 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows excessive mechanical repetition (many consecutive 'The lycan...' lines) and stilted dialogue loops that are typical of AI output. Second, there are clear logical inconsistencies and abrupt transitions (e.g., 'Truth be told it was petty...') suggesting lack of human revision. M... | correct |
human_4151 | The Scottish Seabird Centre wants to expand its education and conservation programmes to include all marine life in a bid to remain viable. A National Marine Centre for Scotland is designed to be built at the existing Seabird centre in North Berwick. An interactive experience is planned to inspire people to care for th... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 495 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage has a clear journalistic structure with specific local details (Seabird centre, North Berwick, PS3.3m Heritage Lottery funding) and named individuals, suggesting human reporting. Second, it includes verbatim quotes with varied lengths and natural transitions rather than repetitive A... | correct |
human_2721 | The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe. The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted. Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period. In the Balkans, t... | squad | human | HUMAN | 134 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage has a concise, encyclopedia-like tone with specific historical details (the Black Death, Ottoman Empire, Fall of Constantinople) suggesting human-authored reference text. Second, there are small stylistic idiosyncrasies—such as the slightly clunky clause 'a Turkish state originating... | correct |
human_2478 | We develop a natural language interface for human robot interaction that implements reasoning about deep semantics in natural language. To realize the required deep analysis, we employ methods from cognitive linguistics, namely the modular and compositional framework of Embodied Construction Grammar (ECG). Using ECG, r... | sci | human | HUMAN | 169 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains domain-specific details (Embodied Construction Grammar, ROS package, concrete experimental scenarios) suggesting subject-matter knowledge typical of human-authored abstracts. Second, its structure is purposeful and varied, with clear motivation, method, implementation, and ... | correct |
human_2031 | Bonnie loved fall flowers. Mums were her favorite. She bought several large containers of them. When she put them in her porch, her face lit up. It was great to have her fall decorating done! | roct | human | HUMAN | 77 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses very casual, colloquial phrasing and a personal anecdotal tone (e.g., 'her face lit up') typical of human conversational writing. Second, its brevity, simple sentence lengths, and concrete sensory detail ('bought several large containers... porch') suggest spontaneous human com... | correct |
human_4347 | The prime minister has said curbs on EU citizens' freedom of movement in the UK would be a red line for her and she has ruled out a points-based system. However, 770,000 EU nationals living in the capital should be eligible for a visa to ensure their future in London, the chamber of commerce said. They make up 15 of Lo... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 551 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed local knowledge, named sources (Ben Johnson, Gareth Bacon), specific dates and figures, and a journalistic narrative voice consistent with human news writing. Second, it contains small stylistic inconsistencies and typographic quirks (e.g., 'and and Lichtenstein') tha... | correct |
human_921 | It is a general internet thing. People with social anxiety still like to interact with others. Online discussion sites provide an outlet for that, while maintaining enough control to keep the anxiety at bay.','Because you browse threads a specific to that issue. I can as well ask why there is so many tech professionals... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 215 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows informal, conversational tone, multiple voices, and forum-specific markers ('irl', quotes, rhetorical questions) consistent with human online posts. Second, there are typographical errors and inconsistent punctuation/spacing (e.g., 'spend to much') suggesting casual human typi... | correct |
human_4164 | The latest threats bring the number of incidents to 69 in 27 states in the past month, according to the JCC Association of North America. No bombs were found at any of the centres targeted with telephone calls. Last week, 27 Jewish community centres in 17 US states reported receiving hoax bomb threats. All of the threa... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 526 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, source-specific reporting with named organizations, direct quotes, specific locations and a chronological narrative consistent with human news writing. Second, it uses varied sentence lengths, contextual background, and nuanced details (e.g., White House response,... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_589 | [substeps] Use a stool that gives you full access to his back. If you use a chair, make sure the back of the chair is low enough to give you access to his back. Also, make sure the chair is sturdy and won't tip over. Ask him to remove his shirt and lay comfortably on his stomach. Provide him with a towel or pillow to r... | hswag | ai | AI | 240 | {
"rationale": "First, the text uses very even, polished phrasing and lacks personalization or contextual details (no location or situational cues), which is common in AI-generated guidance. Second, it repeats transitional phrases ('Also', 'Then', 'Finally') and presents a balanced, generic instructional tone rather ... | correct |
claude-haiku-4.5_2461 | Overall, the comprehensive examination of the collected data provides substantial evidence supporting the conclusion that there is no discernible July effect present among patients who undergo major surgical interventions for cancer treatment. | MedicalText | ai | AI | 70 | {
"rationale": "First, the sentence is highly polished and uses generic, summary-style phrasing common in AI outputs rather than providing specific data or nuance. Second, it lacks personal markers or idiosyncratic language and instead relies on neutral, evenly balanced constructions typical of model-generated text. ... | correct |
human_2823 | Many newer control systems are using wireless mesh open standards (such as ZigBee), which provides benefits including easier installation (no need to run control wires) and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems (e.g. security). | squad | human | HUMAN | 82 | {
"rationale": "First, the sentence is brief, conversational, and uses a concrete example ('ZigBee') in a way typical of human forum answers rather than AI's often more generalized or overly polished phrasing. Second, there is a small stylistic lapse—'which provides benefits...' lacks 'and' after the parenthetical—an... | correct |
claude-haiku-4.5_2151 | A determination that a party lacks standing requires proof that the plaintiff has neither personal involvement in the dispute nor any direct stake in its outcome. See Township of Piscataway v. Duke Energy, 488 F.3d 203, 208 (3d Cir.2007) (referencing Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts v. Mirage Resorts, 140 F.3d 478, 484-85... | LegalDocument | ai | AI | 330 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows mechanical, overly balanced sentence structures and frequent transitional phrases common in AI-generated legal summaries. Second, there are factual incongruities (a 'party owed primary performance' versus 'the principal debtor-obligor') suggesting lack of real case grounding r... | correct |
human_3024 | Astro is a static site builder. It supports many popular UI frameworks, TypeScript, Scoped CSS, Tailwind, any npm package, and more. Astro renders every page to HTML by default, only loading components that need interactivity when they enter the browser viewport. | tldr | human | HUMAN | 87 | {
"rationale": "First, the text is concise, uses natural human phrasing ('by default') and includes specific, accurate details about Astro's rendering behavior, suggesting a human wrote it. Second, its structure is varied and contains a casual 'and more' expansion and a concrete example ('when they enter the browser ... | correct |
claude-haiku-4.5_3585 | When a team experiences the loss of all 10 wickets, which results in a solitary batter remaining without any further teammates available to continue batting, the team is declared to be 'all out,' thereby bringing their innings to a conclusive end. In Twenty20 cricket, an innings is typically considered complete upon th... | Sports | ai | AI | 172 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses overly polished, generic explanatory language and frequent transitional phrases (e.g., 'Subsequently') that are common in AI-generated text. Second, it shows repetitive restatement of points and lacks concrete personal details or idiosyncratic phrasing typical of human writers.... | correct |
qwen-3-flash_2245 | Your memory continues to unravel, piece by fragile piece—each day slipping further into the fog of oblivion. Damn it, why can’t I grasp even the faintest echo of yesterday? Was there a moment of significance? A conversation, a gesture, a turning point? Likely not. Time has become a relentless blur, a monotonous cycle o... | LiteratureCreativeWriting | ai | AI | 968 | {
"rationale": "First, the prose is polished and evenly paced with balanced transitions and generic emotional statements (e.g., 'time has become a relentless blur'), which is common in AI-generated text. Second, there are mechanical markers like repeated sentence openings ('First...','Second...') and a neatly formatt... | correct |
human_596 | Sport coats have patterns, unlike blazers, which are solid and have contrasting buttons. Suit jackets are smooth, have tonal buttons, and should never be worn with anything other than matching suit trousers.', "Generally, suit for formal occasions, sport coat in winter and blazer with light slacks in spring or all year... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 444 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows multiple distinct voices, colloquial forum markers ('TL;DR'), personal anecdotes ('when I was young') and inconsistent punctuation/spacing that are typical of human online posts. Second, there are typos and idiosyncratic phrasings ('patternfabric', 'sportcoats') suggesting spo... | correct |
llama-65b_493 | Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University Towne Center. Downtown is located on San Diego Bay. Balboa Park lies to the north, Old Town an... | squad | ai | AI | 912 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows clear factual contradictions and overgeneralizations (for example, claiming the County Administration Center is 'to the south across San Diego Bay' and repeatedly stating the Santa Fe Depot is a major terminal), suggesting lack of real-world grounding. Second, there are mechan... | correct |
human_2038 | A single woman dreamed of one day having a husband. So the single woman put an ad on Craigslist seeking a relationship. The single woman got an email message from a young man. The young man sent a picture that she found attractive. She and the young man went on to date and eventually got married. | roct | human | HUMAN | 96 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses very short, colloquial sentences and a personal voice ('So the single woman...'), which often indicates human conversational writing. Second, it presents a stark, emotionally direct anecdote without excessive elaboration or the balanced hedging common in many AI outputs. Moreov... | correct |
llama-65b_910 | Some of the best flavor and heat for Mexican! The service is terrific but because of the great food you should accept the fact there may be a little wait. Always great quality and flavor. Placed my order for pickup, but the order was incomplete and one item was wrong. The staff was very friendly and accommodating and m... | yelp | ai | AI | 986 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows extreme mechanical repetition (e.g., 'The food was very good' repeated dozens of times) and low lexical variety, which is atypical of natural human writing. Second, it lacks coherent narrative flow and contains excessive verbatim loops suggesting algorithmic generation rather ... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_1771 | After years of battles hard fought, Steve Rogers had grown tired. The Civil War had taken its toll on him, and he was ready to retire from his duties as an Avenger. He knew that it was time to hang up his shield and his uniform, and he longed for a simpler life. So Steve moved to a quiet little neighborhood, where he w... | wp | ai | AI | 518 | {
"rationale": "First, the prose is generic and relies on broad clichés (battles hard fought, simple life, retired superhero) rather than specific sensory detail, which is common in AI outputs. Second, the narrative is evenly paced and mechanically structured with repetitive transitional phrases ('so', 'but') suggest... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_1333 | Imperialism is defined as "A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force." Imperialism is particularly focused on the control that one group, often a state or nation, asserts over another group or territory with economic, political, or military domination. It has been a preva... | squad | ai | AI | 217 | {
"rationale": "First, the reply uses generic, balanced phrasing and a stock closing ('As a helpful assistant...') common in AI outputs. Second, it lacks personal nuance or concrete examples and repeats safe generalities, suggesting algorithmic generation. Moreover, the smooth, neutral tone and formulaic transitions ... | correct |
Gemini-1.5-Pro_346 | Baroque artists were all about showing off their fancy new design ideas! They were totally obsessed with cartouches (those cool oval frames), trophies and weapons (because, why not?), and overflowing baskets of fruit or flowers (talk about extra!). And they didn't hold back on the materials either – we're talking i... | ArtCulture | ai | AI | 133 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses very generic, evenly balanced praise and lacks concrete names or specific examples (no composers, painters, or architects), a common trait of AI-generated text. Second, its polished, uniformly positive tone and repetitive transitional phrases ('Basically') suggest algorithmic s... | correct |
human_4371 | It is that time of the year again, when we take stock of the highs and lows of the last 12 months. From the perspective of a news reporter, there have been some stand-out moments. Insecurity was a running concern in many parts of the continent in 2013. The beginning of the year saw a major operation in Mali led by Fren... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 863 | {
"rationale": "First, the piece contains highly specific personal details, named individuals, locations and vivid sensory anecdotes (e.g., 'I was in London when I woke up...') consistent with human journalistic writing. Second, it shows stylistic variation, emotional nuance, small imperfections and contextual linkin... | correct |
opt-30b_535 | Imperialism is defined as "A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force." Imperialism is particularly focused on the control that one group, often a wealthy nation-state such as Britain, has over another nation. The primary goal of imperialists in 1899 was to acquire more co... | squad | ai | AI | 577 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows abrupt topic shifts, glaring factual errors (e.g., Columbus 'discovering' Jamaica in 1537) and implausible claims, suggesting lack of real-world grounding common in AI outputs. Second, it contains repetitive transitions, excessive hedging ('although', 'however') and generic fi... | correct |
human_56 | I am extremely angered when I hear things like Michael Brown was executed. Cops are not secretly serial killers who are just waiting for a chance to get away with killing someone. But that's how these morons are portraying the police. I refuse to believe that a member of the police performed a public execution under sc... | cmv | human | HUMAN | 553 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows highly localized forum behavior (CMV subreddit conventions, moderator footnote, bracketed link placeholders) and a raw emotional tone consistent with human online posts. Second, there are multiple typographical errors, inconsistent grammar, abrupt topic shifts, and colloquial ... | correct |
human_4585 | 20 July 2016 Last updated at 12:06 BST Police said the shopper "defended herself by repeatedly hitting the female offender over the head with the packet of bacon" in a Facebook post. But CCTV obtained by Altrincham Today suggests the police report was slightly more dramatic than the actual incident, The BBC has approac... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 118 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains specific dateline and timestamp plus local publication markers ('Last updated at 12:06 BST') and a named local paper (Altrincham Today), suggesting human journalistic origin. Second, it cites real-world details (packet of bacon, GMP) and shows small stylistic quirks (missin... | correct |
human_4795 | Around 200 for a Deluxe Suite (Including tax, resort fees).It's not exceptionally high, but it wasn't a deal either. The room was a little small, however: 1 Stove microwave 1 panoramic view of the strip, beautiful view, can even see bellagio fountains 1 2 flat screen TVs 1 Nice big tub, with shower head 1 queen size pu... | yelp | human | HUMAN | 417 | {
"rationale": "First, the text shows a highly conversational, idiosyncratic voice with personal anecdotes, colloquialisms (e.g., 'Deal''), and local specifics ('4am, it took them a while...') typical of human reviews. Second, there are typographical and formatting inconsistencies (missing spaces, repeated '-1', mixe... | correct |
human_4551 | The girl, called Nieve, was attending the Handmade Parade in Hebden Bridge on Sunday with her grandparents when the dog jumped up and bit her. She needed eyelid surgery and suffered "potentially irreparable damage" to a tear duct. The man in the e-fit is described as being broad, bald and aged about 50. A second man, a... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 307 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains local specifics (Handmade Parade, Hebden Bridge), named individuals (PCSO Gareth Helliwell) and direct quotes, which matches human news reporting. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and colloquial phrasings ('scum,' 'it's cowardly') suggesting human editing r... | correct |
human_3075 | Flowrift is a collection of beautifully designed Tailwind CSS UI blocks. It features a responsive preview and code view. Users can easily copy and share blocks. This repository links to Flowrift's site and development pages. | tldr | human | HUMAN | 78 | {
"rationale": "First, the text is short, focused, and uses specific project terminology (Flowrift, Tailwind CSS, repository) which suggests a human writing from practical experience. Second, its clear purpose-driven phrasing and lack of excessive filler or generic hedging are more typical of human README-style notes... | correct |
human_1610 | Fill columns with the actual data that will be merged into your document, one contact per row. The contact data should match the first row header. | hswag | human | HUMAN | 64 | {
"rationale": "First, the line is very brief, conversational, and uses direct imperative language typical of quick human replies. Second, it lacks common AI patterns like excessive hedging, mechanical repetition, or overelaboration and instead offers pragmatic, context-aware advice ('Fill columns... one contact per ... | correct |
human_3475 | -007 - He drew his sword silently, not because he wanted to, but because duty and honor forced his hand. The fate of his kingdom rested on his shoulders, and the truth was that he did not feel ready. His brother was the one who was always the swordsman, but he had died years ago. Now he was the only son to avenge his b... | wp | human | HUMAN | 661 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows a distinct human voice with idiosyncratic errors (e.g., 'birthed') and uneven grammar that read like deliberate stylistic choices rather than model-generated smoothing. Second, it contains richly specific personal details and emotional nuance (mother, five sisters, early witne... | correct |
human_4120 | The Dons boss insisted he would not speak about "speculation" linking him with the job with his side's Scottish Premiership rivals. "They are a strong club with a lot of tradition and there will always be people interested in that," he said. "My concern is for Aberdeen. I am fully focused on my job here." Rangers are s... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 643 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage reads like a professional news article with specific named persons, clubs, match details, and source attributions that align with human journalism rather than generic AI filler. Second, it shows varied sentence lengths, natural transitions, and contextual grounding (contract details... | correct |
human_4616 | The 56-year-old man, from Essex, was pronounced dead at the scene of the crash in a field off Burrows Lane, in the Middle Stoke area, on Sunday. His next of kin have been informed. No-one else was in the aircraft. The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) attended and are investigating the cause of the crash, which... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 191 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains specific local details (Burrows Lane, Middle Stoke), a precise time ('about 16:18 GMT') and institution names (AAIB, UK Power Networks) consistent with human news reporting. Second, it includes naturalistic human quotes and emotional phrasing ('It's really sad'), sensory de... | correct |
glm-130b_495 | According to scholars Walter Kramer, Gotz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause, the story of the posting on the door, even though it has settled as one of the pillars of the Christmas story, is not always found in the earliest Christmas texts. There is also a famous modern Christmas poem, The First Noel, by Cle... | squad | ai | AI | 1,066 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows extreme verbatim repetition and looping (multiple identical paragraphs about shepherds and magi), a common sign of AI generation. Second, it contains clear factual errors and odd insertions (e.g., claiming Clement Clarke Moore wrote a medieval French poem) and inconsistent att... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_969 | Jaclyn had always struggled with her weight. She had tried many fad diets and exercise routines over the years, but nothing ever seemed to stick. She would stick with a routine for a few weeks or even months, but eventually, her motivation would wane, and she would fall back into her old habits. One day, Jaclyn decided... | roct | ai | AI | 401 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses very generic, evenly paced narrative and lacks sensory detail or specific character development, which is common in AI-generated text. Second, it repeats simple transitional phrases ('that's when', 'as the weeks went on') and follows a neat, formulaic plot arc suggesting algori... | correct |
human_1017 | Alcoholic beverages contain substances called congeners. These substances include small amounts of chemicals such as methanol and other alcohols (known as fusel alcohols), acetone, acetaldehyde, esters, tannins, and aldehydes. Different types of liquor have different amounts and types of congeners based on how they wer... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 280 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage has a conversational, forum-style tone with personal examples and colloquialisms (e.g., \"that is entirely inside your head\"), which is typical of human replies. Second, there are typographic and grammatical slips ('Ethanol is ethanol is ethanol'), mismatched parentheses/quotes, an... | correct |
human_1845 | My friend Mike is a college professor. His son John was very smart growing up. At 10, John challenged me to talk about Melville. Mike told him to not act so arrogant. John went on to become a PhD himself. | roct | human | HUMAN | 84 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses short, colloquial first-person anecdotes and a specific personal detail (talking about Melville with a friend's son), which matches human conversational speech. Second, its uneven pacing, lack of excessive elaboration, and simple transitional phrases ('At 10...') reflect natura... | correct |
human_3920 | Bailey's Office. Interior. The last thing I see is a flash of light. The pistol falls from my nerveless fingers and clatters to the tile floor. At least there is no pain. I float, rising above it all. Rising up with the smoke, looking down at my crumpled body. Looking down at the fully engulfed room. The fire hungrily ... | wp | human | HUMAN | 287 | {
"rationale": "First, the piece shows a distinct personal voice, purposeful pacing, and emotional nuance (e.g., the contrast between intellectual acceptance and muted grief) that feel human-authored. Second, there are small stylistic idiosyncrasies—variable sentence lengths, deliberate use of ellipses, and specific ... | correct |
human_4382 | Sheikh Ali Salman told the BBC that for national dialogue to be meaningful, the government had to show its willingness to offer "concrete solutions." "We want someone who can speak for the royal family," he said. Crown Prince Salman al-Khalifa is seen as a reformist in a court divided on how to respond to opposition de... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 767 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, verifiable reporting elements (specific dates, named individuals, exact quotes) and a journalistic tone consistent with human news writing. Second, it shows small stylistic inconsistencies, repetition, and a typographical slip ('has has') that are more typical of ... | correct |
qwen-3-flash_1262 | The Company is actively reducing electricity consumption by maximizing power-saving modes on office and computer equipment—such as workstations, printers, and copiers. Employees are encouraged to turn off lights in unoccupied offices and work areas whenever possible. | Environmental | ai | AI | 81 | {
"rationale": "First, the text is highly polished and generic, using corporate buzzwords like 'power-saving modes' and 'actively reducing electricity consumption' without concrete specifics. Second, its balanced, even tone and lack of personalization (no employee names, numbers, or anecdotes) are common in AI-genera... | correct |
human_652 | Why would you need to cook it? Wouldn't it already be hot when you caught it? If anything you might need to wait a few minutes for it to cool down.," "I don't think they live right on the vents, but rather on the bacteria and whatnot that grow around them, so they're not directly exposed to that much heat.," "Areas aro... | eli5 | human | HUMAN | 171 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows conversational, forum-like responses with inconsistent punctuation and colloquial phrasing (e.g., 'whatnot') suggesting human casual typing. Second, there are multiple typographic errors and abrupt transitions typical of copied human posts rather than polished AI output. Moreo... | correct |
human_3952 | People could choose if he or she wanted to die or live. It was a pathetic thing in my opinion. Everyone now didn't care about what they do because they wouldn't die. Even my friends were like that. It made me sad that everyone would become like this, just because there was now a choice for life and death. Where was the... | wp | human | HUMAN | 211 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows a distinct personal voice, emotional nuance, and uneven phrasing (e.g., 'as I was in the ground') suggesting spontaneous human expression rather than polished AI output. Second, there are small grammatical slips ('didn't' for 'did't') and inconsistent tense/structure common in... | correct |
human_307 | Let's say I had a device implanted that regularly scans me and remotely updates a machine capable of reproducing me and my structure exactly, and functions to an extremely high standard. I believe that the person who comes out of the machine is me in every practical way, as I do not believe in an external soul. Consequ... | cmv | human | HUMAN | 254 | {
"rationale": "First, the post has a conversational, personal voice with community-specific markers (CMV, EDIT) and context-sensitive references like 'My question is...', suggesting a human Reddit-style poster. Second, it shows idiosyncratic phrasings, emotional nuance about belief and mortality, and small stylistic... | correct |
human_1249 | is played to point out mistakes he is making. | hswag | human | HUMAN | 45 | {
"rationale": "First, the text is a very brief, casual fragment with no surrounding context, which is common in human typing or conversational messaging. Second, its colloquial, error-prone form ('is played to point out mistakes he is making') lacks typical AI polishing (complete sentence, expanded explanation) and ... | correct |
deepseek-v3.2_4078 | We took a close look at how a quantum dot behaves when we hit it with a laser pulse that's slightly off-target, aiming to quickly set up its state with the help of acoustic phonons. We found that when you use short laser pulses, three key things happen: first, the states get "dressed" as the pulse turns on, then the ph... | TravelTourism | ai | AI | 200 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses polished, high-level explanatory language with smooth transitions but lacks experimental specifics or data, which is common in AI-generated summaries. Second, there are mild oversimplifications (e.g., 'states get \"dressed\" as the pulse turns on') and repetitive phrasings ('We... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_319 | While there are sophisticated math techniques that could have been used to design non-repeating shapes, and while there are computer programs that could be used to verify no duplicate shapes , sometimes the simplest methods are still the most effective. One method to ensure that shapes do not repeat is to manually draw... | eli5 | ai | AI | 211 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage uses generic, evenly balanced phrasing and repeats transitional cues ('One method...', 'Additionally...'), which is common in AI-generated explanatory text. Second, it lacks concrete examples or personal experience and offers broad, checklist-style suggestions (manual drawing, rando... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_1643 | One eye open. Two eyes. How long have I been asleep? I remember the hospital room. The bright white lights that made time into perpetual day. The doctors muttering and ever so often checking my pulse and asking me questions. Do you need any assistance or is there anything that I may help you with? | wp | ai | AI | 98 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage abruptly shifts from a short poetic first-person scene to a generic assistant reply, indicating concatenation common in AI outputs. Second, the latter part uses formulaic, polite phrasings ('Do you need any assistance...') typical of chatbots rather than natural human narration. Mor... | correct |
human_4262 | European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker has said the process should begin "immediately." And several EU foreign ministers have urged Britain to start the process soon. But Mr Hammond insisted that "nothing is going to happen at the moment." The timing of the formal notification of intention to leave the EU wa... | xsum | human | HUMAN | 555 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, source-specific reporting (named officials, a specific timeline, and named agencies like Reuters) typical of human journalism rather than generic AI filler. Second, it shows varied sentence lengths, contextual linking ('The first summit...'), and subtle stylistic ... | correct |
human_1526 | [substeps] Reinforce your love and willingness to help your child with stress support by repeating these reassuring statements often. Your consistency is important to can help your child more effectively handle a stressful situation. | hswag | human | HUMAN | 75 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage is brief, conversational, and contains small stylistic imperfections (e.g., missing hyphen in 'repeating these reassuring statements') suggesting human editing rather than polished AI output. Second, it uses direct, practical parenting language and a bracketed label '[substeps]' whi... | correct |
gpt-3.5-turbo_1821 | I was sitting with my grandpa in his hospital ward, reading a book to him. It was something he had always enjoyed, listening to me reading stories to him. He had always been my biggest supporter, my mentor, and my confidant. But this time was different. The doctors had given him just three months to live. I couldn't be... | wp | ai | AI | 508 | {
"rationale": "First, the prose is generic and evenly paced with safe, sentimental phrasing and lacks sensory detail or idiosyncratic errors, which often indicates machine generation. Second, there are mechanical repetitions (multiple 'I knew...') and abrupt transitions between plot beats suggesting algorithmic asse... | correct |
human_4412 | North Wales Police said the group damaged windows at the Mold branch before damaging cars elsewhere. A local resident also needed hospital treatment after being assaulted on Saturday night. The incidents happened between 18:00 and 21:00 GMT. Seven people have been bailed and one released without charge. | xsum | human | HUMAN | 97 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage has a tight, factual news-wire style with specific local details (North Wales Police, Mold branch) typical of human journalism. Second, it uses journalistic conventions—time marker 'Saturday night', bail status 'bailed' and 'one released without charge'—and lacks common AI over-expl... | correct |
llama-65b_481 | In 2010 a salary survey revealed the differences in remuneration between different roles, sectors and locations in the construction and built environment industry. The results showed that areas of particularly strong demand for skilled professionals were in building services, civil engineering and infrastructure and in... | squad | ai | AI | 275 | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows mechanical repetition and generic transitions (e.g., 'Now, three years on...') common in AI-generated text. Second, there are factual inconsistencies and odd artifacts — referencing 2010 surveys in a 2013 report and including dated, concatenated file links — suggesting lack of... | correct |
human_2867 | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | squad | human | HUMAN | 93 | {
"rationale": "First, the sentence has a compact, conversational tone with a minor redundancy ('which is not to be confused with the traditional one') that humans commonly use when explaining something. Second, there are small stylistic choices (a semicolon followed by a standalone clause 'Pressing the sheet removes... | correct |
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