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  1. .gitattributes +1 -0
  2. README.md +185 -148
  3. models/embeddings/aligned/am_128d.bin +3 -0
  4. models/embeddings/aligned/am_128d.meta.json +1 -0
  5. models/embeddings/aligned/am_128d.projection.npy +3 -0
  6. models/embeddings/aligned/am_128d_metadata.json +8 -0
  7. models/embeddings/aligned/am_32d.bin +3 -0
  8. models/embeddings/aligned/am_32d.meta.json +1 -0
  9. models/embeddings/aligned/am_32d.projection.npy +3 -0
  10. models/embeddings/aligned/am_32d_metadata.json +8 -0
  11. models/embeddings/aligned/am_64d.bin +3 -0
  12. models/embeddings/aligned/am_64d.meta.json +1 -0
  13. models/embeddings/aligned/am_64d.projection.npy +3 -0
  14. models/embeddings/aligned/am_64d_metadata.json +8 -0
  15. models/embeddings/monolingual/am_128d.bin +2 -2
  16. models/embeddings/monolingual/am_128d_metadata.json +1 -1
  17. models/embeddings/monolingual/am_32d.bin +2 -2
  18. models/embeddings/monolingual/am_32d_metadata.json +1 -1
  19. models/embeddings/monolingual/am_64d.bin +2 -2
  20. models/embeddings/monolingual/am_64d_metadata.json +1 -1
  21. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
  22. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  23. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
  24. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  25. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
  26. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  27. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
  28. models/subword_markov/am_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  29. models/subword_ngram/am_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  30. models/subword_ngram/am_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  31. models/subword_ngram/am_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  32. models/subword_ngram/am_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  33. models/subword_ngram/am_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  34. models/subword_ngram/am_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  35. models/subword_ngram/am_5gram_subword.parquet +3 -0
  36. models/subword_ngram/am_5gram_subword_metadata.json +7 -0
  37. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
  38. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
  39. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
  40. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
  41. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
  42. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
  43. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
  44. models/tokenizer/am_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
  45. models/vocabulary/am_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
  46. models/vocabulary/am_vocabulary_metadata.json +8 -8
  47. models/word_markov/am_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
  48. models/word_markov/am_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  49. models/word_markov/am_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
  50. models/word_markov/am_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
.gitattributes CHANGED
@@ -39,3 +39,4 @@ visualizations/position_encoding_comparison.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -t
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  visualizations/tsne_sentences.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  visualizations/tsne_words.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  visualizations/zipf_law.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 
 
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  visualizations/tsne_sentences.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  visualizations/tsne_words.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  visualizations/zipf_law.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ visualizations/embedding_tsne_multilingual.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
README.md CHANGED
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
1
  ---
2
  language: am
3
- language_name: AM
4
  language_family: semitic_ethiopic
5
  tags:
6
  - wikilangs
@@ -10,11 +10,21 @@ tags:
10
  - n-gram
11
  - markov
12
  - wikipedia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13
  - monolingual
14
  - family-semitic_ethiopic
15
  license: mit
16
  library_name: wikilangs
17
- pipeline_tag: feature-extraction
18
  datasets:
19
  - omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly
20
  dataset_info:
@@ -23,20 +33,20 @@ dataset_info:
23
  metrics:
24
  - name: best_compression_ratio
25
  type: compression
26
- value: 3.287
27
  - name: best_isotropy
28
  type: isotropy
29
- value: 0.9163
30
  - name: vocabulary_size
31
  type: vocab
32
  value: 0
33
  generated: 2026-01-03
34
  ---
35
 
36
- # AM - Wikilangs Models
37
  ## Comprehensive Research Report & Full Ablation Study
38
 
39
- This repository contains NLP models trained and evaluated by Wikilangs, specifically on **AM** Wikipedia data.
40
  We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and word embeddings.
41
 
42
  ## 📋 Repository Contents
@@ -60,7 +70,7 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
60
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
61
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
62
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
63
- - [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
64
  - [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
65
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
66
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
@@ -80,47 +90,47 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
80
 
81
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
82
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
83
- | **8k** | 2.436x | 2.44 | 0.1557% | 683,952 |
84
- | **16k** | 2.745x | 2.75 | 0.1754% | 607,060 |
85
- | **32k** | 3.031x | 3.03 | 0.1937% | 549,802 |
86
- | **64k** | 3.287x 🏆 | 3.29 | 0.2101% | 506,938 |
87
 
88
  ### Tokenization Examples
89
 
90
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
91
 
92
- **Sample 1:** `አዋሳ ስታዲየም ዋሳ፣ ኢትዮጵያ ሚገኝ ስታዲዮም ነው። ፳፭ ሺህ ሰዎችን ያዝ ሲች የአዋሳ ከ የእግር ኳስ ክለብ...`
93
 
94
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
95
  |-------|--------|-------|
96
- | 8k | `▁አዋ ስታዲየም ▁በአ ሳ፣ ኢትዮጵያየሚገኝ ... (+25 more)` | 35 |
97
- | 16k | `▁አዋሳስታዲየም ▁በአ ሳ፣ ኢትዮጵያየሚገኝ ▁ ... (+22 more)` | 32 |
98
- | 32k | `▁አዋሳስታዲየም ሳ፣ ▁ኢትዮጵያ ▁የሚገኝ ▁ስታ ዲዮ ... (+20 more)` | 30 |
99
- | 64k | `▁አዋሳስታዲየም ሳ፣ ▁ኢትዮጵያ ▁የሚገኝስታ ዲዮ ም ... (+19 more)` | 29 |
100
 
101
- **Sample 2:** `የዝጀሮ ስብሰባ በውሻ ጩኸት ይበተናል የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው። የዝንጀሮ ሰባ በውሻ ጩኸት ይበተናየአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው። ትር...`
102
 
103
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
104
  |-------|--------|-------|
105
- | 8k | `▁የዝ ጀሮስብሰባ ▁በው ይበ ... (+29 more)` | 39 |
106
- | 16k | `▁የዝ ጀሮስብሰባ ▁በው ኸትይበ ናል ... (+25 more)` | 35 |
107
- | 32k | `▁የዝጀሮስብሰባ ▁በው ኸትይበ ተናል ▁የ���ማርኛ ▁ምሳሌ ... (+21 more)` | 31 |
108
- | 64k | `▁የዝጀሮስብሰባበውሻ ▁ጩኸትይበ ተናል ▁የአማርኛ ▁ምሳሌ ▁ነው። ▁የዝንጀሮ ... (+17 more)` | 27 |
109
 
110
- **Sample 3:** `የሐ ብሔራዊኢትዮጵያ ፖለቲካ ፓርቲ ነው። ዓላማ ሊቀመበር ታሪክ መደ: በም የተሳተፉ የኢትዮጵያ ፓርቲዎች ...`
111
 
112
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
113
  |-------|--------|-------|
114
- | 8k | `▁የሐብሔራዊ ▁ሊየኢትዮጵያ ▁ፖለቲካ ▁ፓ ▁ነው።ዓላማ ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
115
- | 16k | `▁የሐብሔራዊ ▁ሊየኢትዮጵያፖለቲካፓርቲ ▁ነው። ▁ዓላማ ▁ሊቀመንበር ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
116
- | 32k | `▁የሐብሔራዊ ▁ሊየኢትዮጵያፖለቲካፓርቲ ▁ነው። ▁ዓላማ ▁ሊቀመንበ▁ታሪክ ... (+11 more)` | 21 |
117
- | 64k | `▁የሐብሔራዊ ▁ሊየኢትዮጵያፖለቲካፓርቲ ▁ነው። ▁ዓላማ ▁ሊቀመንበ▁ታሪክ ... (+11 more)` | 21 |
118
 
119
 
120
  ### Key Findings
121
 
122
- - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 3.287x compression
123
- - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.1557% unknown tokens
124
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
125
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
126
 
@@ -137,12 +147,14 @@ Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
137
 
138
  | N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
139
  |--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
140
- | **2-gram** | Word | 8,988 | 13.13 | 27,901 | 19.7% | 39.7% |
141
- | **2-gram** | Subword | 2,079 🏆 | 11.02 | 23,804 | 34.0% | 69.2% |
142
- | **3-gram** | Word | 9,944 | 13.28 | 35,714 | 22.1% | 40.5% |
143
- | **3-gram** | Subword | 19,139 | 14.22 | 153,027 | 11.8% | 35.5% |
144
- | **4-gram** | Word | 36,744 | 15.17 | 90,792 | 13.9% | 25.8% |
145
- | **4-gram** | Subword | 94,777 | 16.53 | 549,996 | 6.6% | 19.5% |
 
 
146
 
147
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
148
 
@@ -150,68 +162,88 @@ Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
150
 
151
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
152
  |------|--------|-------|
153
- | 1 | `ዓ ም` | 8,324 |
154
- | 2 | `ምሳሌ ነው` | 5,625 |
155
- | 3 | `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ` | 5,563 |
156
- | 4 | `እ ኤ` | 4,026 |
157
- | 5 | `ኤ አ` | 3,961 |
158
 
159
  **3-grams (Word):**
160
 
161
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
162
  |------|--------|-------|
163
- | 1 | `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው` | 5,563 |
164
- | 2 | `እ ኤ አ` | 3,908 |
165
  | 3 | `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ` | 3,454 |
166
  | 4 | `መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ` | 3,051 |
167
- | 5 | `ነ�� ትርጉሙ መደብ` | 2,533 |
168
 
169
  **4-grams (Word):**
170
 
171
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
172
  |------|--------|-------|
173
  | 1 | `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ` | 3,452 |
174
- | 2 | `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ` | 2,533 |
175
- | 3 | `ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ` | 2,118 |
176
- | 4 | `ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ` | 2,114 |
177
  | 5 | `ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ` | 1,854 |
178
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
179
  **2-grams (Subword):**
180
 
181
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
182
  |------|--------|-------|
183
- | 1 | `_ የ` | 170,716 |
184
- | 2 | `ት _` | 145,051 |
185
- | 3 | `_ በ` | 140,839 |
186
- | 4 | `ን _` | 132,909 |
187
- | 5 | `_ አ` | 113,769 |
188
 
189
  **3-grams (Subword):**
190
 
191
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
192
  |------|--------|-------|
193
- | 1 | `_ እ ን` | 32,319 |
194
- | 2 | `_ ነ ው` | 26,511 |
195
- | 3 | ` _` | 24,155 |
196
- | 4 | `_ ` | 23,843 |
197
- | 5 | `እ ና _` | 22,397 |
198
 
199
  **4-grams (Subword):**
200
 
201
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
202
  |------|--------|-------|
203
- | 1 | `_ እ ና _` | 22,267 |
204
- | 2 | `_ ነ ው ።` | 19,378 |
205
- | 3 | `ነ ው ። _` | 18,922 |
206
- | 4 | `_ እ ን ደ` | 13,836 |
207
- | 5 | `_ ላ ይ _` | 12,924 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
208
 
209
 
210
  ### Key Findings
211
 
212
- - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 2,079
213
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
214
- - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~19% of corpus
215
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
216
 
217
  ---
@@ -227,14 +259,14 @@ Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
227
 
228
  | Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
229
  |---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
230
- | **1** | Word | 0.7502 | 1.682 | 4.80 | 236,353 | 25.0% |
231
- | **1** | Subword | 1.2235 | 2.335 | 17.52 | 2,854 | 0.0% |
232
- | **2** | Word | 0.1468 | 1.107 | 1.28 | 1,130,961 | 85.3% |
233
- | **2** | Subword | 1.0397 | 2.056 | 6.98 | 49,981 | 0.0% |
234
- | **3** | Word | 0.0355 | 1.025 | 1.06 | 1,446,616 | 96.4% |
235
- | **3** | Subword | 0.6354 | 1.553 | 3.36 | 348,535 | 36.5% |
236
- | **4** | Word | 0.0159 🏆 | 1.011 | 1.02 | 1,520,994 | 98.4% |
237
- | **4** | Subword | 0.4515 | 1.367 | 2.14 | 1,171,344 | 54.9% |
238
 
239
  ### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
240
 
@@ -242,27 +274,27 @@ Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
242
 
243
  **Context Size 1:**
244
 
245
- 1. `ነው በጥሩ አስዳደር ውጥ ኮሚሽን ሥነ ተጠናቆ ክፍአረግጓዴ ከጂዮርጂያ ሆነ`
246
- 2. `እና ሲሞት ቤተሰቦቹ ጋር ቢኮብለል ወይም ዝርያ ያለበቦታ 4 5 14 847ጥርተለጠፈ`
247
- 3. `ላይ መስኮት ና ከደቡብ ህንድ ቀጥሎ ቀዳዊ ኃ ሥላሴአፍሪካ ገሞጂማ ሣርማ ቦታዎመጡ`
248
 
249
  **Context Size 2:**
250
 
251
- 1. `ዓ ም አስቀድሞ ወይም ዓ ም አርጡወንድም 4 ካ 663 669 ዓ ም ሁላቸው ማሙ`
252
- 2. `ምሳሌ ነው ጀርባዬን እከክልኝ ራቀኝ የማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ዝርክርክ ከንፊትባሰ ዝክዝክ የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ`
253
- 3. `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው የምትጠ ፈሱ እሆዱስጥ ሳለ ኔሽን ኦፍ ኢስላጋር ያለው ዝምድግልጽ ነው`
254
 
255
  **Context Size 3:**
256
 
257
- 1. `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ ቁና ሰፋች`
258
- 2. `እ ኤ አ በሂትለር ተጽዕኖ ሙሶሎኒጣሊያን ፀረ ሴማዊ የዘር ህጎች እንዲፀድቁ ደገፈ በመጋቢት ጀርመን ቼኮዝሎቫኪያን ከቀላቀለች`
259
- 3. `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ ምግባር ሳይኖር እንማለነዉ`
260
 
261
  **Context Size 4:**
262
 
263
- 1. `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ ሁለቱም ዋጡም መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ`
264
- 2. `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ መደብ ፈሊጣዊ አነጋገር መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ ቁና ሰፋች`
265
- 3. `ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ ሴት ሁሉን ቻይ ናት`
266
 
267
 
268
  ### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
@@ -271,34 +303,34 @@ Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
271
 
272
  **Context Size 1:**
273
 
274
- 1. `_አንግብ፣_ለማር_(“ሀንን`
275
- 2. `ን_(dicole_ገደቡድ_`
276
- 3. `ት__ሓምበላስድ__ይለት`
277
 
278
  **Context Size 2:**
279
 
280
- 1. `_የኢትዮጵያ_አፖሎኛ_,00_`
281
- 2. `ት_ተ_ኣሉ።_የባህር`
282
- 3. `_በዘመዴ_ሲፀድቅ_አምስተ`
283
 
284
  **Context Size 3:**
285
 
286
- 1. `_እን__ከተማ_እና_ግሮ`
287
- 2. `_ነው_ከተማው_ባልሞራል_እን`
288
- 3. `ው።_ኮምፕዩተራ_ካሊፎርኒያ`
289
 
290
  **Context Size 4:**
291
 
292
- 1. `_እና_ከማቸት_ጉዳት_ቁጭ_ብለ`
293
- 2. `_ነው።_ዋጋው_ወት_የመጀመሪያ`
294
- 3. `ነው።_ትርጉሙ_አንቴና_ይፈሳሉ፡`
295
 
296
 
297
  ### Key Findings
298
 
299
  - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 98.4% predictability
300
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
301
- - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (1,171,344 contexts)
302
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
303
 
304
  ---
@@ -314,48 +346,48 @@ Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
314
 
315
  | Metric | Value |
316
  |--------|-------|
317
- | Vocabulary Size | 99,716 |
318
- | Total Tokens | 1,636,892 |
319
- | Mean Frequency | 16.42 |
320
  | Median Frequency | 3 |
321
- | Frequency Std Dev | 174.41 |
322
 
323
  ### Most Common Words
324
 
325
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
326
  |------|------|-----------|
327
- | 1 | ነው | 26,460 |
328
- | 2 | እና | 22,392 |
329
- | 3 | ላይ | 13,250 |
330
- | 4 | ምሳሌ | 11,607 |
331
- | 5 | ውስጥ | 9,622 |
332
- | 6 | ነበር | 9,005 |
333
- | 7 | ዓ | 8,679 |
334
- | 8 | | 8,584 |
335
- | 9 | ወደ | 8,446 |
336
- | 10 | እንደ | 6,776 |
337
 
338
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
339
 
340
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
341
  |------|------|-----------|
342
- | 1 | ቫሊን | 2 |
343
- | 2 | ግሎቡ | 2 |
344
- | 3 | ኢንዛይሞች | 2 |
345
- | 4 | የማከማቻ | 2 |
346
- | 5 | ለph | 2 |
347
- | 6 | ግብመልሶችን | 2 |
348
- | 7 | behi | 2 |
349
- | 8 | ቤሂ | 2 |
350
- | 9 | goli | 2 |
351
- | 10 | ክሩድስ | 2 |
352
 
353
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
354
 
355
  | Metric | Value |
356
  |--------|-------|
357
- | Zipf Coefficient | 0.9367 |
358
- | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.995214 |
359
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
360
 
361
  ### Coverage Analysis
@@ -371,7 +403,7 @@ Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
371
 
372
  - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9952 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
373
  - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 22.7% of corpus
374
- - **Long Tail:** 89,716 words needed for remaining 25.1% coverage
375
 
376
  ---
377
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
@@ -387,37 +419,40 @@ Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
387
 
388
  ### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
389
 
390
- > *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
 
 
391
 
392
 
393
  ### 5.2 Model Comparison
394
 
395
  | Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
396
  |-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
397
- | **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.9125 | 0.3250 | N/A | N/A |
398
- | **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.9163 🏆 | 0.2292 | N/A | N/A |
399
- | **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.8535 | 0.1745 | N/A | N/A |
 
 
 
400
 
401
  ### Key Findings
402
 
403
- - **Best Isotropy:** mono_64d with 0.9163 (more uniform distribution)
404
- - **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2429. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
405
- - **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
406
  - **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
407
 
408
  ---
409
  ## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
410
 
411
- > ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
412
-
413
  This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
414
 
415
  ### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
416
 
417
  | Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
418
  |--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
419
- | Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
420
- | Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
421
 
422
  ### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
423
 
@@ -432,18 +467,18 @@ Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but
432
 
433
  | Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
434
  |------|----------|------------------|----------|
435
- | `እንደሚ` | 2.46x | 153 contexts | እንደሚ, እንደሚ, እንደሚ |
436
- | `ርስቲያ` | 2.48x | 60 contexts | ክርስቲያ, ክርስቲያኗ, ክርስቲያ |
437
- | `ትዮጵያ` | 2.23x | 57 contexts | ትዮጵያ, ትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ |
438
- | `ግዚአብ` | 2.73x | 24 contexts | ዚአብሔር, ዚአብሐር, ዚአብሄር |
439
- | `ኢትዮጵ` | 2.24x | 46 contexts | ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያው, ኢትዮጵስት |
440
- | `መንግሥ` | 2.21x | 46 contexts | መንግሥተ, መንግሥት, መንግሥቱ |
441
- | `ንግ` | 2.16x | 48 contexts | ንግስት, ንግስተ, ንግስቱ |
442
- | `ፈረ` | 2.33x | 34 contexts | ፈረሳዊ, ፈረሳይ, በፈረሳዩ |
443
- | `አስተዳ` | 2.33x | 33 contexts | አስተዳዳሪ, አስተዳደጓ, አስተዳደረ |
444
- | `ግሊ` | 2.05x | 53 contexts | ግሊዝ, ግሊዙ, ግሊኛ |
445
- | `tion` | 2.82x | 17 contexts | nation, action, section |
446
- | `ጀመሪ` | 2.28x | 33 contexts | መጀመሪ, መጀመሪያ, መጀመሪያው |
447
 
448
  ### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
449
 
@@ -462,7 +497,9 @@ Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words in
462
  ### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
463
 
464
  > **Automated Insight:**
465
- The language AM appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
 
 
466
 
467
  ---
468
  ## 7. Summary & Recommendations
@@ -474,7 +511,7 @@ The language AM appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. W
474
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
475
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
476
  | Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (3.29x) |
477
- | N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (2,079) |
478
  | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (98.4%) |
479
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
480
 
@@ -689,4 +726,4 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
689
  ---
690
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
691
 
692
- *Report Date: 2026-01-03 05:13:17*
 
1
  ---
2
  language: am
3
+ language_name: Amharic
4
  language_family: semitic_ethiopic
5
  tags:
6
  - wikilangs
 
10
  - n-gram
11
  - markov
12
  - wikipedia
13
+ - feature-extraction
14
+ - sentence-similarity
15
+ - tokenization
16
+ - n-grams
17
+ - markov-chain
18
+ - text-mining
19
+ - fasttext
20
+ - babelvec
21
+ - vocabulous
22
+ - vocabulary
23
  - monolingual
24
  - family-semitic_ethiopic
25
  license: mit
26
  library_name: wikilangs
27
+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
28
  datasets:
29
  - omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly
30
  dataset_info:
 
33
  metrics:
34
  - name: best_compression_ratio
35
  type: compression
36
+ value: 3.293
37
  - name: best_isotropy
38
  type: isotropy
39
+ value: 0.9137
40
  - name: vocabulary_size
41
  type: vocab
42
  value: 0
43
  generated: 2026-01-03
44
  ---
45
 
46
+ # Amharic - Wikilangs Models
47
  ## Comprehensive Research Report & Full Ablation Study
48
 
49
+ This repository contains NLP models trained and evaluated by Wikilangs, specifically on **Amharic** Wikipedia data.
50
  We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and word embeddings.
51
 
52
  ## 📋 Repository Contents
 
70
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
71
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
72
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
73
+ - [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6--morphological-analysis-experimental)
74
  - [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
75
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
76
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
 
90
 
91
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
92
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
93
+ | **8k** | 2.438x | 2.44 | 0.1566% | 682,453 |
94
+ | **16k** | 2.748x | 2.75 | 0.1765% | 605,553 |
95
+ | **32k** | 3.035x | 3.04 | 0.1950% | 548,316 |
96
+ | **64k** | 3.293x 🏆 | 3.29 | 0.2116% | 505,279 |
97
 
98
  ### Tokenization Examples
99
 
100
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
101
 
102
+ **Sample 1:** `እኔ እው እናገራለሁ ሌላውን ስኮንናለሁአማርኛሳሌ ነው። ትርጉሙደብ: ልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ`
103
 
104
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
105
  |-------|--------|-------|
106
+ | 8k | `▁እኔእውእና ገራ ለሁሌላ ውን አስ ኮ ንና ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
107
+ | 16k | `▁እኔእውእና ገራ ለሁሌላውንኮ ንና ለሁ ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
108
+ | 32k | `▁እኔእውእናገራ ለሁ ሌላውን ▁ ንና ለሁ ▁የአማርኛ ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
109
+ | 64k | `▁እኔእውእናገራለሁሌላውን ▁ ኮንና ለሁ ▁የአማርኛ ▁ምሳሌ ▁ነው። ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
110
 
111
+ **Sample 2:** `ኳን ለገንፎ ለሙቅም ደነግጥ የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው። ትርጉሙ መደ: ተተረጎመ ምሳሌ`
112
 
113
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
114
  |-------|--------|-------|
115
+ | 8k | `▁ኳን ገን ቅምአል ደ ነግ ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
116
+ | 16k | `▁ኳን ገን ለሙ ቅምአል ደነግ ▁የአማርኛ ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
117
+ | 32k | `▁ኳን ገንፎለሙ ቅምደነግጥ ▁የማርኛ ▁ምሳሌ ▁ነው። ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
118
+ | 64k | `▁ኳንለገንፎለሙ ቅምደነግጥ ▁የአማርኛ ▁ምሳሌ ▁ነው። ▁ትርጉሙ ... (+4 more)` | 14 |
119
 
120
+ **Sample 3:** `ሞፈር ገጠ በአማርኛ ጣዊ አነጋገር ሆነ ዘይቤ ነው። ትርጉም እራሱቻለ። ከቤተሰቁጥጥውጭ ሆነ። ምሳሌበበ ዕድሜ...`
121
 
122
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
123
  |-------|--------|-------|
124
+ | 8k | `▁ ፈር ▁ በአማርኛጣዊአነጋገር ▁የሆነ ▁ዘይቤ ... (+29 more)` | 39 |
125
+ | 16k | `▁ ፈር ▁ በአማርኛጣዊአነጋገርየሆነዘይቤ ▁ነው። ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
126
+ | 32k | `▁ሞፈር ▁ በአማርኛጣዊአነጋገርየሆነዘይቤ ▁ነው። ▁ጉም ... (+21 more)` | 31 |
127
+ | 64k | `▁ሞፈር ▁ በአማርኛጣዊአነጋገርየሆነዘይቤ ▁ነው። ▁ጉም ... (+21 more)` | 31 |
128
 
129
 
130
  ### Key Findings
131
 
132
+ - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 3.293x compression
133
+ - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.1566% unknown tokens
134
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
135
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
136
 
 
147
 
148
  | N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
149
  |--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
150
+ | **2-gram** | Word | 9,101 | 13.15 | 28,185 | 19.6% | 39.5% |
151
+ | **2-gram** | Subword | 2,069 🏆 | 11.01 | 23,787 | 34.1% | 69.3% |
152
+ | **3-gram** | Word | 9,934 | 13.28 | 35,745 | 22.2% | 40.6% |
153
+ | **3-gram** | Subword | 19,035 | 14.22 | 153,217 | 11.9% | 35.6% |
154
+ | **4-gram** | Word | 36,871 | 15.17 | 91,072 | 13.9% | 25.7% |
155
+ | **4-gram** | Subword | 94,475 | 16.53 | 551,504 | 6.6% | 19.5% |
156
+ | **5-gram** | Word | 32,696 | 15.00 | 78,497 | 14.6% | 26.2% |
157
+ | **5-gram** | Subword | 213,435 | 17.70 | 879,311 | 5.0% | 14.3% |
158
 
159
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
160
 
 
162
 
163
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
164
  |------|--------|-------|
165
+ | 1 | `ዓ ም` | 8,266 |
166
+ | 2 | `ምሳሌ ነው` | 5,623 |
167
+ | 3 | `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ` | 5,562 |
168
+ | 4 | `እ ኤ` | 4,014 |
169
+ | 5 | `ኤ አ` | 3,948 |
170
 
171
  **3-grams (Word):**
172
 
173
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
174
  |------|--------|-------|
175
+ | 1 | `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው` | 5,562 |
176
+ | 2 | `እ ኤ አ` | 3,896 |
177
  | 3 | `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ` | 3,454 |
178
  | 4 | `መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ` | 3,051 |
179
+ | 5 | `ነ ትርጉሙ መደብ` | 2,530 |
180
 
181
  **4-grams (Word):**
182
 
183
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
184
  |------|--------|-------|
185
  | 1 | `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ` | 3,452 |
186
+ | 2 | `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ` | 2,530 |
187
+ | 3 | `ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ` | 2,115 |
188
+ | 4 | `ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ` | 2,111 |
189
  | 5 | `ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ` | 1,854 |
190
 
191
+ **5-grams (Word):**
192
+
193
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
194
+ |------|--------|-------|
195
+ | 1 | `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ` | 2,529 |
196
+ | 2 | `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ` | 2,111 |
197
+ | 3 | `ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ` | 2,111 |
198
+ | 4 | `መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና` | 1,812 |
199
+ | 5 | `ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ` | 1,811 |
200
+
201
  **2-grams (Subword):**
202
 
203
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
204
  |------|--------|-------|
205
+ | 1 | `_ የ` | 172,656 |
206
+ | 2 | `ት _` | 146,889 |
207
+ | 3 | `_ በ` | 142,558 |
208
+ | 4 | `ን _` | 134,273 |
209
+ | 5 | `_ አ` | 115,168 |
210
 
211
  **3-grams (Subword):**
212
 
213
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
214
  |------|--------|-------|
215
+ | 1 | `_ እ ን` | 32,943 |
216
+ | 2 | `_ ነ ው` | 26,886 |
217
+ | 3 | `_ ` | 24,633 |
218
+ | 4 | ` _` | 24,427 |
219
+ | 5 | `እ ና _` | 23,097 |
220
 
221
  **4-grams (Subword):**
222
 
223
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
224
  |------|--------|-------|
225
+ | 1 | `_ እ ና _` | 22,966 |
226
+ | 2 | `_ ነ ው ።` | 19,603 |
227
+ | 3 | `ነ ው ። _` | 19,130 |
228
+ | 4 | `_ እ ን ደ` | 14,167 |
229
+ | 5 | `_ ላ ይ _` | 13,064 |
230
+
231
+ **5-grams (Subword):**
232
+
233
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
234
+ |------|--------|-------|
235
+ | 1 | `_ ነ ው ። _` | 19,000 |
236
+ | 2 | `_ ው ስ ጥ _` | 9,650 |
237
+ | 3 | `ኢ ት ዮ ጵ ያ` | 7,988 |
238
+ | 4 | `_ ም ሳ ሌ _` | 7,852 |
239
+ | 5 | `_ እ ን ደ _` | 6,562 |
240
 
241
 
242
  ### Key Findings
243
 
244
+ - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 2,069
245
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
246
+ - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~14% of corpus
247
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
248
 
249
  ---
 
259
 
260
  | Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
261
  |---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
262
+ | **1** | Word | 0.7520 | 1.684 | 4.82 | 237,556 | 24.8% |
263
+ | **1** | Subword | 1.2212 | 2.331 | 17.49 | 2,857 | 0.0% |
264
+ | **2** | Word | 0.1473 | 1.108 | 1.28 | 1,142,374 | 85.3% |
265
+ | **2** | Subword | 1.0395 | 2.055 | 6.98 | 49,956 | 0.0% |
266
+ | **3** | Word | 0.0354 | 1.025 | 1.06 | 1,462,526 | 96.5% |
267
+ | **3** | Subword | 0.6359 | 1.554 | 3.37 | 348,652 | 36.4% |
268
+ | **4** | Word | 0.0157 🏆 | 1.011 | 1.02 | 1,537,232 | 98.4% |
269
+ | **4** | Subword | 0.4526 | 1.368 | 2.15 | 1,173,222 | 54.7% |
270
 
271
  ### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
272
 
 
274
 
275
  **Context Size 1:**
276
 
277
+ 1. `ነው ወደዚህም የተሳፈጥሮን ፀባዮች ሚመረኮፆታዊ ሳኔ ተላልፏል ውድድሩን በ ኤርት��ውያየኩራ ለጠተገደበ`
278
+ 2. `እና ንሶችን እንዲሁከላስታና ከላሊ ከፍተኛ የመብጥሰቶች የተካሄደውን መፈን መንግሥት በጌሤም አሦርም`
279
+ 3. `ላይ እንዲገኝ ስለሚያስገ ነው ኬንያ ወደሚገኘው ማይ ጎጋ የተባየህንድ ጥቃቶየተጠበ እና በችግር ጊዜ የተረጋገጠ`
280
 
281
  **Context Size 2:**
282
 
283
+ 1. `ዓ ም የቡር ልጅ ዶማ300 307 ዓ ም ተከለከለ ታጂኪታን ዓ ም በነሐሴ ር 450 ዓ`
284
+ 2. `ምሳሌ ነው ጦጣ መመሪያ የመቀመጫዬን ጦጣ ባለቤቱን ታስ የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ`
285
+ 3. `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው መንጃ ለሸማመቅደጃ የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነትርጉሙ መደብ ተረትናሳሌ መደብ ተረትምሳሌ`
286
 
287
  **Context Size 3:**
288
 
289
+ 1. `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ wiz`
290
+ 2. `እ ኤ አ ቦራስ ስዊድን የግሪክ ዘፋኝ ነች አልሞች protereotita my number one iparhi logos the game of`
291
+ 3. `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትናሳሌ ብ ተረ ምሳሌ ምሳሌ`
292
 
293
  **Context Size 4:**
294
 
295
+ 1. `የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብልተተረጎመ ሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ wiz`
296
+ 2. `ምሳሌ ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ በሬ ካራጁ ይዉላል`
297
+ 3. `ነው ትርጉሙ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ መደብ ተረትና ምሳሌ መደብ ያልተተረጎመ ምሳሌ`
298
 
299
 
300
  ### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
 
303
 
304
  **Context Size 1:**
305
 
306
+ 1. `_493_የለቀድ_አ_በተገ`
307
+ 2. `ንዳዎች_20_የሳት_ወቀን_`
308
+ 3. `ት_ገኙ__ጆች_በዚ`
309
 
310
  **Context Size 2:**
311
 
312
+ 1. `_የጠፈ_እጅጉ_ሙከራ_ተፈጥሮ`
313
+ 2. `ት_ማ_እቃ_ራዶሮ_`
314
+ 3. `_በሁለተቸት_ስለ_ተመሳር_ከ`
315
 
316
  **Context Size 3:**
317
 
318
+ 1. `_እንዲሁም__ከነዚህ_ጊዜ`
319
+ 2. `_ነው_፡፡_አየሩ_በኋላም_ብዙ`
320
+ 3. `_እና_ጁላይ_ጥይቶቹ_ላይ_(2`
321
 
322
  **Context Size 4:**
323
 
324
+ 1. `_እና_፡-_ጎንደርና_አገ`
325
+ 2. `_ነው።_ባብዛኛው_ህይወት_ውስጥ`
326
+ 3. `ነው።_ዓ.ም_ኪዮሺ_ሱጊዩራ_(1`
327
 
328
 
329
  ### Key Findings
330
 
331
  - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 98.4% predictability
332
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
333
+ - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (1,173,222 contexts)
334
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
335
 
336
  ---
 
346
 
347
  | Metric | Value |
348
  |--------|-------|
349
+ | Vocabulary Size | 100,186 |
350
+ | Total Tokens | 1,652,256 |
351
+ | Mean Frequency | 16.49 |
352
  | Median Frequency | 3 |
353
+ | Frequency Std Dev | 176.36 |
354
 
355
  ### Most Common Words
356
 
357
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
358
  |------|------|-----------|
359
+ | 1 | ነው | 26,831 |
360
+ | 2 | እና | 23,089 |
361
+ | 3 | ላይ | 13,382 |
362
+ | 4 | ምሳሌ | 11,608 |
363
+ | 5 | ውስጥ | 9,891 |
364
+ | 6 | ነበር | 9,130 |
365
+ | 7 | ዓ | 8,627 |
366
+ | 8 | ወደ | 8,565 |
367
+ | 9 | | 8,525 |
368
+ | 10 | እንደ | 6,906 |
369
 
370
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
371
 
372
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
373
  |------|------|-----------|
374
+ | 1 | ጂኒካ | 2 |
375
+ | 2 | ዲኒካላ | 2 |
376
+ | 3 | ወስደሽ | 2 |
377
+ | 4 | አንኳኳ | 2 |
378
+ | 5 | መዳልወ | 2 |
379
+ | 6 | ረድእ | 2 |
380
+ | 7 | አንደኛይቱ | 2 |
381
+ | 8 | ወደሰልፍ | 2 |
382
+ | 9 | የኒኮፖሊስ | 2 |
383
+ | 10 | ጂምናዚየም | 2 |
384
 
385
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
386
 
387
  | Metric | Value |
388
  |--------|-------|
389
+ | Zipf Coefficient | 0.9364 |
390
+ | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.995158 |
391
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
392
 
393
  ### Coverage Analysis
 
403
 
404
  - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9952 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
405
  - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 22.7% of corpus
406
+ - **Long Tail:** 90,186 words needed for remaining 25.1% coverage
407
 
408
  ---
409
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
 
419
 
420
  ### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
421
 
422
+ ![Alignment Quality](visualizations/embedding_alignment_quality.png)
423
+
424
+ ![Multilingual t-SNE](visualizations/embedding_tsne_multilingual.png)
425
 
426
 
427
  ### 5.2 Model Comparison
428
 
429
  | Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
430
  |-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
431
+ | **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.9080 | 0.3255 | N/A | N/A |
432
+ | **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.9137 | 0.2344 | N/A | N/A |
433
+ | **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.8453 | 0.1726 | N/A | N/A |
434
+ | **aligned_32d** | 32 | 0.9080 | 0.3232 | 0.0220 | 0.1700 |
435
+ | **aligned_64d** | 64 | 0.9137 🏆 | 0.2323 | 0.0420 | 0.1840 |
436
+ | **aligned_128d** | 128 | 0.8453 | 0.1725 | 0.0680 | 0.2480 |
437
 
438
  ### Key Findings
439
 
440
+ - **Best Isotropy:** aligned_64d with 0.9137 (more uniform distribution)
441
+ - **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2434. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
442
+ - **Alignment Quality:** Aligned models achieve up to 6.8% R@1 in cross-lingual retrieval.
443
  - **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
444
 
445
  ---
446
  ## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
447
 
 
 
448
  This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
449
 
450
  ### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
451
 
452
  | Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
453
  |--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
454
+ | Productivity Index | **5.000** | High morphological productivity | Reliable analysis |
455
+ | Idiomaticity Gap | **0.840** | High formulaic/idiomatic content | - |
456
 
457
  ### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
458
 
 
467
 
468
  | Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
469
  |------|----------|------------------|----------|
470
+ | `እንደሚ` | 2.39x | 158 contexts | እንደሚ, እንደሚ, እንደሚ |
471
+ | `ርስቲያ` | 2.46x | 61 contexts | ክርስቲያ, ክርስቲያኗ, ክርስቲያ |
472
+ | `ትዮጵያ` | 2.23x | 57 contexts | ትዮጵያ, ትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ |
473
+ | `መን` | 2.21x | 49 contexts | መንስቱ, መንስት, መንስተ |
474
+ | `ግዚአብ` | 2.66x | 23 contexts | እግዚአብሔር, እግዚአብሐር, እግዚአብሄር |
475
+ | `ኢትዮጵ` | 2.18x | 46 contexts | ኢትዮጵያ, ዮጵያና, የኢትዮጵያ |
476
+ | `ንግ` | 2.08x | 52 contexts | ንግሊኛ, ንግሊዙ, ንግሊዝ |
477
+ | `ግሥ` | 2.12x | 46 contexts | ግሥት, ግሥተ, ግሥቱ |
478
+ | `ጀመሪያ` | 2.29x | 33 contexts | መጀመ, በመጀመሪያ, ለመጀመሪያ |
479
+ | `ፈረ` | 2.27x | 34 contexts | ፈረሳይ, ፈረሳዊ, የፈረሳዩ |
480
+ | `tion` | 2.77x | 17 contexts | nation, action, section |
481
+ | `ጀመሪ` | 2.29x | 31 contexts | መጀመሪ, መጀመሪያ, መጀመሪ |
482
 
483
  ### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
484
 
 
497
  ### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
498
 
499
  > **Automated Insight:**
500
+ The language Amharic shows high morphological productivity. The subword models are significantly more efficient than word models, suggesting a rich system of affixation or compounding.
501
+
502
+ > **Note on Idiomaticity:** The high Idiomaticity Gap suggests a large number of frequent multi-word expressions or formulaic sequences that are statistically distinct from their component parts.
503
 
504
  ---
505
  ## 7. Summary & Recommendations
 
511
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
512
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
513
  | Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (3.29x) |
514
+ | N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (2,069) |
515
  | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (98.4%) |
516
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
517
 
 
726
  ---
727
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
728
 
729
+ *Report Date: 2026-01-03 14:11:24*
models/embeddings/aligned/am_128d.bin ADDED
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6
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